Drug discovery through Covid-19 genome sequencing with siamese graph convolutional neural network

After several waves of COVID-19 led to a massive loss of human life worldwide due to the changes in its variants and the vast explosion. Several researchers proposed neural network-based drug discovery techniques to fight against the pandemic;utilizing neural networks has limitations (Exponential time complexity, Non-Convergence, Mode Collapse, and Diminished Gradient). To overcome those difficulties, this paper proposed a hybrid architecture that will help to repurpose the most appropriate medicines for the treatment of COVID-19. A brief investigation of the sequences has been made to discover the gene density and noncoding proportion through the next gene sequencing. The paper tracks the exceptional locales in the virus DNA sequence as a Drug Target Region (DTR). Then the variable DNA neighborhood search is applied to this DTR to obtain the DNA interaction network to show how the genes are correlated. A drug database has been obtained based on the ontological property of the genomes with advanced D3Similarity so that all the chemical components of the drug database have been identified. Other methods obtained hydroxychloroquine as an effective drug which was rejected by WHO. However, The experimental results show that Remdesivir and Dexamethasone are the most effective drugs, with 97.41 and 97.93%, respectively.

The second wave of COVID-19 wreaked havoc: A look at clinical and laboratory parameters of survivors and non-survivors admitted to Intensive Care Unit, a single-centered retrospective study

Background: The second wave of COVID-19 was disastrous and claimed many lives in India and abroad. The most challenging task was to provide the required treatment as per the patient's condition, within a limited span of time. The lack of prognostic predictors at the time of admission led to failure in prioritizing the patient's need for intensive care. Aim: This study was conducted to find out the clinical and laboratory parameters at the time of admission to ICU as predictors of outcomes in COVID-19 patients, which can help in judicious utilization of the available resources for better patient care. Subjects and Methods: Study comprises of 161 ICU admitted patients. Study of clinical traits, comorbidities, test results, and demographic variables were carried out among survivors and non-survivor. Result: Maximum death were patients of age group 21–30 years and male gender. Mortality in hypertensives, diabetics, and patients with sepsis were found to be statistically significant. Patients who developed ARDS and pneumonia or needed ventilation died invariably. High levels of laboratory parameters like IL-6, LDH, PT, INR, aPTT, ferritin, WBC count, and D-dimer were significantly associated with poor outcomes and at a particular cutoff had optimum sensitivity and specificity to predict mortality in ICU admitted COVID-19 patients. At the same time, low lymphocyte count and PaO2/FiO2 ratio was significantly associated with bad prognosis (P < 0.05). Conclusion: This paper will help in prioritizing patients in ICU who need special attention especially at the time of meager supply of resources.

Variation in biochemical parameters in COVID-19 patients admitted at a tertiary care dedicated COVID hospital: A prospective study.

Introduction: COVID-19 infection has a myriad of presentation. Rural India and other developing nations are relatively resource poor, not having access to modern specialized investigations. In this study, we tried to evaluate only biochemical parameters in predicting the severity of the infection. The aim of this study was to find a cost-effective means to predict the clinical course at the time of admission and thereby to reduce mortality and, if possible, morbidity by timely intervention. Materials and Methods: All COVID-19-positive cases admitted at our hospital from March 21 to December 31, 2020, were recruited in this study. The same acted as sham control at recovery. Results: We observed a significant difference in biochemical parameters at the time of admission and discharge, between mild/moderate disease and severe disease. We found slightly deranged liver function tests at admission, which becomes normal at the time of discharge. Urea, C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin, lactate dehydrogenase, and ferritin concentrations in severe/critical patients were significantly higher than that in the mild/moderate group. Receiver operating characteristic curves were plotted to predict the severity on the basis of biochemical parameters independently, of the patients based on these values. Conclusion: We proposed cutoff values of certain biochemical parameters, which will help in judging the severity of the infection at admission. We developed a predictive model with a significant predictive capability for CRP and ferritin values, using normal available biochemical parameters, routinely done in resource-poor centers. Clinicians working in resource-poor situations will be benefitted by having an idea of the severity of the disease. Timely intervention will reduce mortality and severe morbidity.

Résumé Introduction: L'infection au COVID19 a une myriade de présentations. L'Inde rurale et d'autres pays en développement sont relativement pauvres en ressources, non avoir accès aux enquêtes spécialisées modernes. Dans cette étude, nous avons essayé d'évaluer uniquement les paramètres biochimiques pour prédire la gravité de l'infection. Le but de cette étude était de trouver un moyen rentable de prédire l'évolution clinique au moment de l'admission et ainsi de réduire la mortalité et, si possible, la morbidité par une intervention rapide. Matériels et méthodes: Tous les cas positifs au COVID19 admis à notre hospitalisés du 21 mars au 31 décembre 2020, ont été recrutés dans cette étude. La même chose a agi comme un contrôle factice lors de la récupération. Résultats: Nous avons observé une différence significative dans les paramètres biochimiques au moment de l'admission et de la sortie, entre une maladie légère/modérée et une maladie grave. Nous avons trouvé des tests de la fonction hépatique légèrement dérangés à l'admission, qui deviennent normaux au moment de la sortie. Urée, protéine Créactive (CRP, les concentrations de procalcitonine, de lactate déshydrogénase et de ferritine chez les patients sévères/critiques étaient significativement plus élevées que chez les patients légers/modérés groupe. Les courbes caractéristiques de fonctionnement du récepteur ont été tracées pour prédire la gravité sur la base de paramètres biochimiques indépendamment, deles patients en fonction de ces valeurs. Conclusion: Nous avons proposé des valeurs seuils de certains paramètres biochimiques, qui permettront de juger de la gravité de l'infection à l'admission. Nous avons développé un modèle prédictif avec une capacité prédictive significative pour les valeurs de CRP et de ferritine, en utilisant les paramètres biochimiques normaux disponibles, systématiquement effectués dans les centres pauvres en ressources. Les cliniciens travaillant dans des situations où les ressources sont limitées bénéficier d'avoir une idée de la gravité de la maladie. Une intervention rapide réduira la mortalité et la morbidité grave. Mots-clés: COVID19, ferritine, lactate déshydrogénase, urée.

The Impact of COVID-19 Containment Actions on Extra-Analytical Phases of the Clinical Laboratory: A Case Report.

Laboratory information systems need to adapt to new demands created by the COVID-19 pandemic, which has set up new normals like containment measures and social distancing. Some of these have negatively impacted the pre- and postanalytical phases of laboratory testing. Here, we present an intriguing finding related to the generation of the accession number/specimen number on the investigation module of a hospital management information system and its impact on the dissemination of reports resulting in the wrong release of reports on a female patient amidst the background of COVID-19 containment measures. We analyze the situation that led to this false reporting and the importance of the proper customization of information software in laboratories along with a robust postanalytical framework of laboratory work culture to avert such untoward incidents. This introspection has made us realize that COVID-19 has been a scientific, medical, and social challenge. We need to redefine our priorities in the days to come because SARS-CoV-2 is here to stay.